Effect of histone H4 on polarization of alveolar macrophages in mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国职业医学

Objective To investigate the role of histone H4 in the polarization of alveolar macrophages (AM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice. Methods i) The specific pathogen free male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg LPS groups, with six mice in each group. The mice in the LPS groups were intratracheally administered LPS according to their respective doses, while the mice in the control group received an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline. After 12 hours, the arterial blood gas was analyzed, and the pulmonary edema and histopathological changes in lung tissues of mice in each group were observed. The level of histone H4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , and mice AMs of the five group were isolated using adherent method. ii) AMs from normal mice were isolated using adherent method and randomly divided into control group, histone H4 injury group, BALF injury group and anti-histone H4 antibody (anti-H4) intervention group. In the histone H4 injury group, AMs were treated with histone H4 at a final concentration of 20 mg/L. In the BALF injury group and anti-H4 intervention group, AMs were treated with 200 μL BALF supernatant from mice intratracheally administered 6 mg/kg body weight LPS, with the latter group treated with 25 mg/L anti-H4 antibody. The control group AMs were treated with phosphate-buffered saline. iii) After 12 hours of stimulation, the cells were collected, and the relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfa), interleukin-1β (Il1b), differentiation antigen 206 (Cd206) and arginase 1 (Arg1) in AMs was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results i) Compared with the control group, mice in all four LPS groups exhibited rapid breathing, inflammatory reaction and lung edema in lung tissues, which were aggravated in a dose-dependent manner. The ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen in mice decreased with the increase of LPS dose (P<0.05). The wet/dry weight ratio of lung, the level of histone H4 in BALF and the relative expression of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA in AMs increased with the increase of LPS dose (all P<0.05). The mice in the 6 and 8 mg/kg LPS groups developed ARDS. The level of histone H4 in BALF and the relative expression of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA in AMs of mice in 6 and 8 mg/kg LPS groups were higher than those in the other three groups (all P<0.05). ii) The relative expression of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA increased (both P<0.05), and the relative expression of Cd206 and Arg1 mRNA decreased (both P<0.05) in AMs of histone H4 injury group and BALF injury group compared with the control group. Compared with BALF injury group, the relative mRNA expression of Tnfa and Il1b in AMs of anti-H4 intervention group decreased (both P<0.05), while the relative expression of Arg1 mRNA increased (P<0.05). Conclusion LPS can induce a dose-dependent increase in histone H4 levels in BALF in mice. Histone H4 drives the development of ARDS by activating AMs to M1 polarization. Antagonizing histone H4 to interfere with AM polarization to M1 could be a target for the treatment of ARDS.

Synthesis and antidiabetic activity evaluation of benzopyrimidine derivatives / 中国药科大学学报

@#Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which mainly regulates glucose homeostasis in pancreatic β cells, is a novel target in the treatment of diabetes.In this study, 4-hydroxybenzopyrimidine was used as the raw material, four nitrogen-containing rings (imidazole, methylpiperazine, pyrazole, morpholine) were introduced, benzopyrimidine skeleton with nitrogen-containing rings derivatives targeting TXNIP was designed and synthesized, and the protective effect of compounds on palmitic acid-stimulated islet β cells was investigated.A total of 20 benzopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS.Pharmacological studies showed that most of the compounds exhibited protective effects on islet β cells, with better axtivity for compounds C-1, C-2, C-4 and D-2 (cell survival rate > 70%) compared with PA model group (38.3%), Among the four compounds, D-2 had the highest activity of 87.2%, so it could become a potential new anti-diabetic chemical entity.

Qualitative research on the construction of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation station in Beijing from the perspective of ecosystem theory / 中国职业医学

Objective: To analyze the existing problems in the construction of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation station in Beijing under the framework of ecosystem theory, and put forward countermeasures. Methods: A total of four managers directly involved in the construction of three pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations in Beijing and 12 rehabilitation doctors working in rehabilitation stations were selected as the interviewees using the judgment sampling method. Based on the perspective of ecosystem theory, an interview outline was designed to conduct a semi-structured interview with the interview subjects. In combination with literature data, the current situation, existing problems and solutions of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation station construction were analyzed. Results: There were still deficiencies in the construction of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations in Beijing. At the microscale level, pneumoconiosis patients could not make full use of family resources for active and effective pulmonary rehabilitation treatment, and family members lack of effective rehabilitation guidance and assistance for patients. At the medium-scale level, the resources of primary rehabilitation institutions were insufficient, the medical support for pneumoconiosis rehabilitation was insufficient, and the pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations lacked a unified information management and technology platform. At the macroscale level, it has not established clear and specific requirements for the construction management and evaluation of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations, and there was social discrimination and prejudice against pneumoconiosis patients. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the recognition of rehabilitation in primary medical and health institutions, strengthen education on the awareness of the disease and rehabilitation skills guidance for patients and their families, strengthen the responsibilities of technical support institutions in rehabilitation stations, promote the construction of primary rehabilitation stations and personnel training, make full use of information technology, promote information exchange and knowledge sharing, and ensure the quality of rehabilitation of pneumoconiosis.

Drug clinical comprehensive evaluation of tetrandrine in the treatment of pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the safety, effectiveness, economics, innovation, suitability and accessibility of tetrandrine in the treatment of pneumoconiosis, and provide evidence-based basis for health policy decision-making and clinical practice. Methods: In July 2022, the system searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed databases (the retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to June 30, 2022), screened the documents that meet the standards, extracted and evaluated the data, and used the "HTA checklist" developed by the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) to evaluate the HTA report. AMSTAR-2 Scale was used to evaluate the quality of systematic evaluation/Meta analysis. CHEERS Scale was used to evaluate the quality of pharmacoeconomics research. The included cohort study or case-control study was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The included randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Bias Assessment Tool (Cochrane RCT) quality evaluation criteria. Comprehensive comparison and analysis based on the characteristics of the data included in the study. Results: A total of 882 related literatures were detected from the initial screening. According to relevant standards, 8 RCT studies were finally selected for analysis. Statistical results showed that basic treatment with tetrandrine could better improve FEV(1) (MD=0.13, 95%CI: 0.06-0.20, P<0.001), FEV(1)/FVC (MD=4.48, 95%CI: 0.61-8.35, P=0.02) and clinical treatment efficiency. Tetrandrine had a low incidence of adverse reactions. The affordability coefficient of tetrandrine tablets was 0.295-0.492. Conclusion: Tetrandrine can improve the clinical symptoms and pulmonary ventilation function of pneumoconiosis patients, most of the adverse reactions are mild, and the clinical application is safe.

Analysis on characteristic of stage Ⅰ occupational cement pneumoconiosis patients / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of stage Ⅰ occupational cement pneumoconiosis patients. Methods: In October 2021, the data of patients with occupational cement pneumoconiosis diagnosed by the Third Hospital of Peking University from 2014 to 2020 were collected, and the data of the patients' initial exposure age, dust exposure duration, diagnosis age, incubation period, chest X-ray findings, lung function and other data were analyzed retrospectively. Spearman grade correlation was used for correlation analysis of grade count data. The influencing factors of lung function were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 80 male patients and 27 female patients. The inital exposure age was (26.2±7.7) years, the diagnosis age was (59.4±7.9) years, the dust exposure duration was (17.9±8.0) years, and the incubation period was (33.1±10.3) years. The initial dust exposure age and the dust exposure duration in female patients were less than those in men, and the incubation period was longer than that in men (P<0.05). The imaging analysis showed the small opacities as"pp"accounted for 54.2%. 82 patients (76.6%) had small opacities distributed in two lung areas. The lung areas distribution of small opacities in female patients was less than that in male patients (2.04±0.19 vs 2.41±0.69, P<0.001). There were 57 cases of normal pulmonary function, 41 cases of mild abnormality and 9 cases of moderate abnormality. The number of lung regions with small opacities on X-ray was the risk factor for abnormal lung function in cement pneumoconiosis patients (OR=2.491, 95%CI=1.197-5.183, P=0.015) . Conclusion: The patients with occupational cement pneumoconiosis had long dust exposure duration and incubation period, light imaging changes and pulmonary function damage. The abnormal lung function was related to the range of pulmonary involvement.

Research progress on head imaging features of carbon monoxide poisoning and delayed encephalopathy / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning and its delayed encephalopathy have obvious damage to the central nervous system. There are different neuroimaging changes in different stages of the disease, and they are relatively specific. This article reviews the clinical research progress on the imaging changes of carbon monoxide poisoning and delayed encephalopathy, including computed tomography (CT) , conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) , diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) , diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) , magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and other imaging changes reflecting the function and metabolic state of the brain tissue.

Effect evaluation of various nanofiltration systems for filtering intravenous human immunoglobulin / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract： Objective To evaluate the filtration effects of various nanofiltration systems on intravenous human immunog⁃ lobulin（IVIG）in order to screen the optimal nanofiltration system. Methods Various nanofilters were used for IVIG filtration to determine the best one and then various prefilters were selected to combine with the optimal nanofilter for IVIG filtration to determine the optimal nanofiltration system. Results The tangential flow（cross flow）nanofilter showed better filtering effect than dead end（direct current）nanofilter，and nanofilter C was the best one. The effect of deep filtration prefilter was better than that of absolute filtration prefilter，and prefilter Y1 in series with nanofilter C was the optimal nanofiltration system. Conclusion The optimal nanofiltration system was determined through the effect evaluation of various nanofiltration systems filtering for IVIG.

Establishment of a fast discriminant model with electronic nose for Polygonati Rhizoma mildew based on odor variation / 中国中药杂志

The odor fingerprint of Pollygonati Rhizoma samples with different mildewing degrees was analyzed and the relationship between the odor variation and the mildewing degree was explored. A fast discriminant model was established according to the response intensity of electronic nose. The α-FOX3000 electronic nose was applied to analyze the odor fingerprint of Pollygonati Rhizoma samples with different mildewing degrees and the radar map was used to analyze the main contributors among the volatile organic compounds. The feature data were processed and analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), K-nearest neighbor(KNN), sequential minimal optimization(SMO), random forest(RF) and naive Bayes(NB), respectively. According to the radar map of the electronic nose, the response values of three sensors, namely T70/2, T30/1, and P10/2, increased with the mildewing, indicating that the Pollygonati Rhizoma produced alkanes and aromatic compounds after the mildewing. According to PLS-DA model, Pollygonati Rhizoma samples of three mildewing degrees could be well distinguished in three areas. Afterwards, the variable importance analysis of the sensors was carried out and then five sensors that contributed a lot to the classification were screened out: T70/2, T30/1, PA/2, P10/1 and P40/1. The classification accuracy of all the four models(KNN, SMO, RF, and NB) was above 90%, and KNN was most accurate(accuracy: 97.2%). Different volatile organic compounds were produced after the mildewing of Pollygonati Rhizoma, and they could be detected by electronic nose, which laid a foundation for the establishment of a rapid discrimination model for mildewed Pollygonati Rhizoma. This paper shed lights on further research on change pattern and quick detection of volatile organic compounds in moldy Chinese herbal medicines.

Synthesis of ferulic acid derivatives and their inhibition of cholinesterase inhibitory activity / 中国药科大学学报

@#Ferulic acid (FA), a natural product of phenylpropanoids containing phenolic hydroxyl groups, has a wide range of pharmacological activities and some therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD).Using FA as the raw material, the ferulic acid carbamate aniline derivatives were first synthesized by 4-step esterification reaction, splicing carbamate active functional groups, hydrolysis reaction and amide condensation.These FA derivatives were evaluated for in vitro cholinesterase inhibition activity by the Ellman method.A total of 15 novel FA derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS.Cholinesterase activity tests showed that compounds 5c, 5f, 5j, 5g, 5m possessed good acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity.Except for 5l, 5m, almost all compounds have inhibition activity on butyrylcholinesterase, which is much higher than that on acetylcholinesterase.In conclusion, compounds 5c, 5f, 5j and 5g can be used as potential anti-AD inhibitors targeting cholinesterase..

5M1E analysis method combined with interview method to investigate the factors hindering the management of nursing quality homogeneity in multiple hospital areas / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the obstacles of the promotion of nursing quality homogenization management under the mode of multiple hospital areas, and to make the best response strategies and management ideas according to the obstacles, so as to achieve the goal of nursing quality management with the same quality and high efficiency.Methods:Based on the theory framework of 5M1E analysis, this study made an interview outline. Through focus group interview and personal interview, 44 nurses of different positions and levels were interviewed. The interview materials were sorted out and analyzed by Colaizzi seven step analysis method, and the themes were extracted to obtain the obstacles to the promotion of nursing quality homogeneity management.Results:The factors that hinder the management of nursing quality homogeneity included: the lack of understanding and thinking on the management of nursing quality homogeneity, the incomplete integration of quality control organization system in different hospital areas, the lack of comprehensiveness of nursing quality management system and standard unification, the differences in the implementation of quality control system, standard and plan, the difference in information system, the disunity of quality control index extraction, the physics of treatment room, etc. There were six aspects of environmental layout differences.Conclusion:The homogenization of nursing quality management under the mode of "one hospital, multiple districts" is of great significance. Hospitals need to formulate feasible countermeasures and development ideas according to the obstacles of homogenization management, so as to promote the development of nursing quality management and provide patients with the same quality of nursing services.

Buyang Huanwutang Promoted Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Regulating Autophagy Following Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Injury / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwutang （BHT） on proliferation and differentiation in neural stem cells （NSCs） after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） injury. Method:NSCs isolated from the hippocampus of SD rats were cultured and randomly divided into a normoxia group， a model group， a BHT group， a rapamycin （Rapa） group， and a combination group ［autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine （3-MA） combined with BHT］. The 20% blank serum was used in the normoxia group， and 20% BHT-medicated serum in the BHT group. The doses of Rapa and 3-MA were 1 μmol·L^-1 and 5 mmol·L^-1， respectively. The cells were subjected to OGD/R except those in the normoxia group. The cell morphology was observed under a light microscope. NSCs were confirmed by immunofluorescence detection of nestin expression. The viability and proliferation of NSCs were assessed by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine （EdU） labeling， respectively. Furthermore， Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B fluorescence assay was performed to investigate autophagy. The effect of BHT on autophagy-related protein expression was detected by western blot assay. Brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， <italic>β</italic>-tubulin Ⅲ， and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） were evaluated by immunofluorescence assay. Result:OGD/R significantly reduced the cell viability of rat NSCs as compared with the normoxia group. Compared with the model group， the BHT group exhibited significantly improved viability of rat NSCs （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. BHT induced the production of autophagosomes in NSCs after OGD. The BHT group showed increased expression of microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ） and Beclin-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01） and slightly changed p62 compared with the normoxia group， and significantly up-regulated LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01） and down-regulated expression of p62 （<italic>P</italic><0.01） compared with the model group. The Rapa group had similar effect as the BHT group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the combination group inhibited the activity of autophagy （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. As indicated by the results of ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B， compared with the normoxia group， the model group showed increased fluorescence intensity （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the BHT and Rapa groups could further increased the fluorescence intensity of autophagy （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the combination group inhibited autophagy activity （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Immunofluorescence results revealed that compared with the normoxia group， the model group displayed significantly reduced positive cells of EdU， <italic>β</italic>-tubulin Ⅲ， GFAP， and BDNF （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the BHT and Rapa groups exerted similar protective and promoting effects （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the combination group partially blocked the neuroprotection and differentiation ability of BHT （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:BHT pretreatment can effectively protect rat NSCs against OGD-induced injury and promoted proliferation and differentiation by up-regulating autophagy.

Activating effect of extracellular histones on heparinase in chlorine-induced acute lung injury / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the induction and activation of heparinase by extracellular histones in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) induced by chlorine in mice.METHODS: The specific pathogen free adult male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, chlorine injured group, histone injured group, anti-histone antibody group and heparinase inhibitor group, with six mice in each group.The mice in the control group and histone injured group were exposed to clean air, and the mice in the other three groups were exposed to chlorine gas at a dose of 580.0 mg/m~3 for 30 minutes by systemic dynamic inhalation.Mice in the histone injured group were injected with 50 mg/kg body weight calf thymus histone by tail vein.One hour before exposure, mice in the anti-histone antibody group were pretreated with 20 mg/kg body weight anti-histone H4 antibody by tail vein injection, and mice in the heparinase inhibitor group were injected with 2 mg/kg body weight OGT2115(heparinase inhibitor). The other three groups were given equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution by tail vein injection. After 24 hours of exposure, arterial blood was collected for blood gas analysis and the lung tissue was collected for histopathological examination. The protein level of heparinase in lung tissue were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the activity of heparinase were detected by measuring the product of heparan degradation. The protein expression of pro-heparinase and active heparinase were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: The dyspnea developed of mice in the chlorine injured group and histone injured group, diffuse inflammation occurred in lung tissue, the oxygenation index in arterial blood decreased(all P<0.05), and the protein level and activity of heparinase in lung tissue, as well as the relative expression of pro-heparinase and active heparinase were increased compared with the control group(all P<0.05). The dyspnea, hypoxemia and acute lung injury of mice in the anti-histone antibody group were alleviated, and the protein level of heparinase in lung tissue, as well as the relative expression levels of pro-heparinase and active heparinase were decreased(all P<0.05), compared with chlorine injury group and histone injury group.The dyspnea, hypoxemia and acute lung injury were alleviated in the heparinase inhibitor group, and the activity of heparinase and the relative expression of pro-heparinase in the lung tissue were decreased compared with the chlorine injury group(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: During the occurrence and development of chlorine-induced ARDS in mice, extracellular histones aggravate lung injury by inducing the expression and activation of heparinase. Acute lung injury can be alleviated by inhibiting the expression and activation of heparinase.

Bibliometric analysis on occupational hand-arm vibration disease in China / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To study the literature characteristics and research status of occupational hand-arm vibration disease in China. METHODS: Literature information on occupational hand-arm vibration disease published before 2018 in China were searched and collected through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang Database. The bibliometrics was used to analyze the publication time, type, journal sources, authors and their institutions, citation situation, funds and high-frequency key words. RESULTS: From 1975 to 2018, a total of 349 papers on occupational hand-arm vibration disease were published. The main article type was monograph, with a total of 179 articles(accounting for 51.3%). The articles were distributed in 79 kinds of journals, among them, 10 journals including China Occupational Medicine and Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases were the main carriers to publish related articles(237 papers, accounting for 67.9%). The main research institutions of the literature were Jining Medical College and Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, with 134 papers(accounting for 38.4%) published. Among the 5 core authors of the literature, 4 were from the above 2 research institutions. A total of 121 articles(accounting for 34.7%) were cited, and 77 articles(accounting for 22.1%) were supported by research fund. The top 3 high-frequency key words used were arm vibration disease, hand-transmitted vibration/local vibration and occupational disease. CONCLUSION: Occupational hand-arm vibration disease has attracted the attention of Chinese researchers, however, follow-up research, literature quality and funding support still need to be improved.

Impact of gene dosage on recombinant transglutaminase production of Pichia pastoris / 生物工程学报

Based on the rDNA sequence of Pichia pastoris, a multi-copy gene expression vector of transglutaminase (pPICZα-rDNA-mtg) was constructed and transformed to the host strain (pGAP9-pro/GS115) expressing pro peptide, to obtain the co-expression strain pro/rDNA-mtg (GS115). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze transglutaminase gene copy number in the 4 positive strains. We further studied the effect of gene copy on the enzyme production of recombinant Pichia pastoris as well as high-density fermentation of higher expression strain in a 3-L fermenter. The mtg copy numbers of the 4 positive strains were 2.21, 3.36, 5.72 and 7.62 (mtg-2c, mtg-3c, mtg-6c and mtg-8c), respectively, and the enzyme production capacity and protein expression level were mtg-3c>mtg-2c>mtg-6c>mtg-8c. Mtg-3c and mtg-6c of high-density fermentation had the highest enzymatic activity and enzymatic activity per unit wet weight in the supernatant of 3.12 U/mL, 52.1 U/g (wet weight) and 2.07 U/mL and 36.5 U/g (wet weight), respectively. In terms of enzyme activity per unit wet weight, mtg-3c is 1.4 times higher than that of mtg-6c. The activity of purified enzyme (mtg-3c) was up to 7.21 U/mL and the protein concentration was 437.2 μg/mL. By analyzing the effect of mtg copy number on the enzyme production of recombinant strains, mtg-3c is suitable for the co-expression of two genes (pro and mtg) in pro/rDNA-mtg, and its enzyme activity is related to higher protein secretion of the strain.

Comparative study of intracavernous pressure and cavernous pathology after bilateral cavernous nerve crushing and resection in rats / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral cavernous nerve crushing (BCNC) and bilateral cavernous nerve resection (BCNR) on intracavernous pressure (ICP) and cavernous pathology in rats and to explore the optimal treatment time for the BCNC and BCNR models. Seventy-two male rats aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into three equal groups: Sham (both cavernous nerves exposed only), BCNC (BCN crushed for 2 min), and BCNR (5 mm of BCN resected). Erectile function was then measured at 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after nerve injury, and penile tissues were harvested for histological and molecular analyses by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and cytokine array. We found that erectile function parameters including the maximum, area, and slope of ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased after BCNR and BCNC at 1 week and 3 weeks. At 5 weeks, no significant differences were observed in ICP/MAP between the BCNC and Sham groups, whereas the ICP/MAP of the BCNR group remained significantly lower than that of the Sham group. After BCNC and BCNR, the amount of neuronal-nitric oxide synthase-positive fibers, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells decreased, whereas the amount of collagen III content increased. These pathological changes recovered over time, especially in the BCNC group. Our findings demonstrate that BCNC leads to acute and reversible erectile dysfunction, thus treatment time should be restricted to the first 3 weeks post-BCNC. In contrast, the self-healing ability of the BCNR model is poor, making it more suitable for long-term treatment research.

Effects of Genipin on the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose and white adipose tissues in mice / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of genipin on promoting brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue browning.@*METHODS@#The male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: normal control group, genipin group and cold-stimulus group.Genipin group were treated consecutively with genipin at a dose of 15 mg/kg once a day for 9 days, normal control group were treated with the saline.The mice with cold-stimulus were exposed to 4℃ environment for 5 days.Daily food amount and body weight were measured.Morphological changes were observed in the subscapular region, inguinal region and epididymis around the adipose tissue.The expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively.@*RESULTS@#The wet weight of white fat in genipin-treated mice was decreased by 16% , and 28% in that of cold-stimulus mice, compared with the normal control group (P＜0.05).After treatments of genipin and cold-stimulus, the color of white adipose tissues was darker, and the size of lipid droplets in adipocytes was smaller, whereas the number was increased.Compared with the normal control group, UCP1 expression was increased obviously in fat tissues, including the subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissues, and brown adipose tissue after treated with genipin and cold-stimulus (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Genipin promoted activation of brown adipose tissue and browning of white adipose tissue by upregulating UCP1 expression, which could contribute to the loss of body weight against obesity.

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine Against t-BHP-induced PC12 Cell Injury / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on PC12 cells induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and the regulatory mechanism on signaling pathway of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR). Method:PC12 cells cultured in vitro were treated with t-BHP (200 μmol·L-1) for 6 h to establish a model of oxidative damage in PC12 cells. The experiment was divided into blank group, model group (200 μmol·L-1t-BHP), TMP group. PC12 cells were pretreated with TMP(25, 50, 100 μmol·L-1) for 12 h, and then treated with t-BHP for 6 h. The cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis was observed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), total protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), mTOR and p-mTOR expressions were detected by Western blot. Result:The cell viability of PC12 cells treated with 200 μmol·L-1 t-BHP decreased to about 50%after 6 h. This condition was suitable for the establishment of oxidative damage model. Compared with the model group, TMP (25, 50, 100 μmol·L-1) pretreatment for 12 h significantly increased the survival rate of PC12 cells (PPPPPPP-1) pretreatment group increased significantly (PConclusion:Ligustrazine protects PC12 cell injury induced by t-BHP by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Activation of lung endothelial cells by extracellular histone in mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To observe the changes of extracellular histones and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and study the activating role of extracellular histones to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) .@*Methods@#The correlation of the severity of acute lung injury with extracellular histones and pulmonary endothelial damage was studied through mice model, and acute lung injury was produced by aspiration of different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (0.01、0.1、0.3 and 0.5 mol/L, 2 ml/kg). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) and lung pathological change were measured. The pro-inflammatory role of extracellular histones was tested by injecting calf thymus histones (CTH) or specific anti-H4 antibody through tail vein. The direct activating role of extracellular histones to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells was studied through pulmonary endothelial model.@*Results@#The extracellular histones in plasma were increased obviously 6h after aspiration of different concentrations of hydrochloric acid in mice. A positive correlation was seen between extracellular histones and concentrations of aspirated hydrochloric acid (r=0.9180, P<0.05). The sTM in plasma also showed a positive correlation with concentrations of aspirated hydrochloric acid (r=0.8701, P<0.05). Merely administering CTH could not only increase TNF-α and sTM in plasma but also cause obvious lung injury, while specific anti-H4 antibody could relieve the inflammation and lung damage caused by CTH. Extracellular histones could directly damage pulmonary endothelial cells to release sTM in pulmonary endothelial model in vitro, while anti-H4 antibody could protect the endothelial cells.@*Conclusion@#Extracellular histones are the key endogenic inflammatory mediators during the pathogenesis of ARDS caused by aspiration of hydrochloric acid, which could promote inflammation by directly activating pulmonary endothelial cells.

Pertussis antibody titers in pregnant women's venous blood and cord blood—a survey from three women and children's hospitals in Beijing / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the levels of antibodies against bordetella pertussis among pregnant women and neonates in Beijing. Method From December 2016 to March 2017, pregnant women and their newborns from three women and children′s hospitals in Beijing were enrolled in this study. 3 ml of venous blood from the mothers and 3 ml of umbilical cord blood from neonates were drawn.Pertussis bacillus IgG antibody (PER-IgG) and pertussis toxin IgG antibody (PT-IgG) were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. χ2 test was used to compare the positive rate of pertussis IgG antibodies in maternal and cord blood in the three hospitals. Correlational analyses of the antibodies levels in each hospital were conducted. The demographic characteristics, history of cough during pregnancy and history of DTaP vaccination of the mothers were collected via questionnaires. Result A total of 612 pairs of venous blood and cord blood samples were collected, including 4 mothers delivered twins and 616 cases of cord blood sample were collected. No history of pertussis were found in the 612 mothers. Among the 616 cases of umbilical cord blood, positive rate of PER-IgG was 13.3％ (82/616), positive rate of PT-IgG was 0.5％ (3/616). Among 612 cases of venous blood from the mothers, positive rate of PER-IgG was 7.7％ (47/612), positive rate of PT-IgG was 0.3％ (2/612). Positive rates of PER-IgG and PT-IgG in the mothers′ venous blood were not correlated with their residences (P=0.676 and 0.544). Positive rates of PER-IgG (r=0.842, P<0.001) and PT-IgG (r=0.619, P<0.001) in the mothers′ blood were positively correlated with the positive rate in umbilical cord blood. Conclusion This study shows that the positive rate of PER-IgG is very low in the maternal and umbilical cord blood in Beijing. Positive correlations of PER-IgG and PT-IgG between mother and umbilical cord blood were existed. Most mothers and their newborns do not have enough protection against pertussis.

Optimization of Preparation Technology of Rutin Nanoemulsion by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Method / 中国药师

Objective:To optimize the preparation technology of rutin nanoemulsion. Methods:The pseudoternary phase diagram of rutin nanoemulsion under the condition of different Kmwas drawn. With the drug loading and the particle size as the independent var-iables,and the percent of oil and the weight ratio of surfactant to cosurfactant as the dependent variables, the blank formula of rutin nanoemulsion was optimized by central composite design-response surface method. Results:The optimal formula was as follows:the ra-tio of ethyl oleate, cremopher RH40,1,2-propanediol and water was 7: 13: 5: 25. The average particle size of the prepared rutin nanoemulsion was 26.51 nm,and the drug loading was 8.97 mg·ml-1. Conclusion:The central composite design-response surface method can obtain a good formula of rutin nanoemulison,and the model has a good predictive function.